Every spacecraft to attempt or achieve a Mars surface landing — 10 missions tracked. Includes landers, surface stations, and failed attempts. Sources cited to NASA NSSDCA.
Soviet Space Programme · 1971
Landed: 1971-12-02
Site: Ptolemaeus Crater region (~45°S 158°W)
Achieved the first soft landing on Mars on December 2, 1971
NASA · 1975
Landed: 1976-07-20
Site: Chryse Planitia (22.480°N, 49.970°W)
Operated: 2,307 sols (last contact 1982-11-13)
First successful soft landing in Mars history — and first to operate long-term on the surface
NASA · 1975
Landed: 1976-09-03
Site: Utopia Planitia (47.967°N, 225.737°W)
Operated: 1,316 sols (last contact 1980-04-11)
Second successful Mars soft landing, at the higher-latitude Utopia Planitia
NASA · 1996
Landed: 1997-07-04
Site: Ares Vallis (19.13°N, 33.22°W)
Operated: 83 sols (last contact 1997-09-27)
First Mars lander using airbag-bounced landing — revolutionary entry, descent, and landing technology later adopted by MER rovers
NASA · 1999
Never landed
Site: South polar region (~75°S) — never reached
Never achieved surface operations — lost during entry, descent, and landing at the Martian south polar region on December 3, 1999
UK/ESA · 2003
Landed: 2003-12-25
Site: Isidis Planitia (~11.5°N, 90.5°E)
Confirmed by MRO HiRISE imagery in January 2015 to have landed successfully — 12 years after the mission was declared lost
NASA / University of Arizona · 2007
Landed: 2008-05-25
Site: Green Valley, Vastitas Borealis (68.22°N, 125.7°W)
Operated: 152 sols (last contact 2008-11-02)
Confirmed the presence of water ice just below the Martian surface at high latitudes — directly observed ice with the robotic arm
ESA / Roscosmos · 2016
Never landed
Site: Meridiani Planum (~-2°N, 6°W) — crashed
Entry and descent systems partially successful — heatshield and parachute performed correctly through the initial phases
NASA / CNES / DLR · 2018
Landed: 2018-11-26
Site: Elysium Planitia (4.502°N, 135.623°E)
Operated: ~1,445 sols (mission ended 2022-12-21)
Detected 1,319 Mars quakes over the mission lifetime, including magnitude-5.0 events — definitively proving Mars is seismically active
CNSA · 2020
Landed: 2021-05-15
Site: Utopia Planitia (25.1°N, 109.9°E)
Operated: Lander supported Zhurong through hibernation entry May 2022
First Chinese successful Mars landing, making China only the third country (after the USSR and USA) to soft-land on Mars