The 21st century Moon race is intensifying. Here's a country-by-country breakdown of where Artemis, Chang'e, ISRO, JAXA, and commercial players stand in the competition to establish a lunar presence.
Chandrayaan-3 landed at the Moon's south pole in 2023 for a fraction of NASA costs — inside ISRO's Aditya-L1, Gaganyaan, NISAR, and PSLV program driving India's rise.
Inside China's CNSA space program: the Chang'e 6 far-side Moon sample return, Tiangong station crews, Tianwen Mars mission, and the road to a crewed lunar landing.
Every major 2024-2025 space mission: Europa Clipper, Polaris Dawn's private spacewalk, Chang'e 6 far-side samples, Ariane 6's debut, and what slipped to 2026.
